The Chow Chow dog is a unique and striking dog breed with a history as rich as its distinctive blue-black tongue. Originating from ancient China, the Chow Chow has served many roles throughout history, from working as guard dogs and hunters to being companions for emperors and commoners alike. Known for their loyalty, independence, and somewhat aloof nature, Chow Chows possess a dignified air and captivating presence.
History of the Chow Chow Dog
The Chow Chow’s lineage can be traced back thousands of years to ancient China, where they were bred for a variety of purposes. Some historians believe the Chow Chow is one of the oldest dog breeds, potentially dating back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCE to 220 CE). They served as hunting dogs, guard dogs for homes and livestock, and even helped pull carts. Legend has it that one Chinese ruler even owned 5,000 Chow Chows.
Chow Chows were introduced to the Western world in the late 1800s and quickly gained popularity. However, sadly, their numbers declined in their native China during the Cultural Revolution. Today, the Chow Chow dog continues to be a beloved breed by many, cherished for its unique appearance and loyal companionship.
The Distinctive Look of a Chow Chow
The Chow Chow’s appearance is nothing short of remarkable. Their sturdy build, square profile, and thick double coat make them instantly recognizable. Here’s a closer look at their key physical characteristics:
- Size: Chow Chows are a medium-sized breed, with males typically standing 17-22 inches tall at the shoulder and females slightly smaller at 17-20 inches. They weigh between 45 and 70 pounds.
- Coat: The Chow Chow dog is known for its dense double coat, which comes in two varieties: rough and smooth.
- Rough-coated Chow Chows have a longer, coarser outer coat that stands straight off their body, giving them a fuzzy, teddy bear-like appearance.
- Smooth-coated Chow Chows have a shorter, denser coat that lies closer to the body.
- Colors: Chow Chows come in a variety of solid colors, including:
- Red: This ranges from light gold to deep red-brown.
- Black
- Blue
- Cinnamon/Fawn: This can be light tan to brown.
- Cream: This can include white or ivory.
- Unique Features: A few distinctive traits set the Chow Chow apart from other breeds:
- Blue-Black Tongue: Perhaps their most famous characteristic, Chow Chows is one of the only breeds with a blue-black or purplish tongue. The Shar Pei is the only other breed with this feature.
- Scowling Expression: The Chow Chow’s facial wrinkles, often hidden by fur, give them a perpetually scowling or serious expression.
- Curled Tail: Another distinguishing feature is their tail, which is thickly furred and carried curled up over their back.
Temperament and Personality: Loyal, Independent, and Aloof
Chow Chows are renowned for their loyalty and devotion to their families. They form strong bonds with their owners but tend to be aloof and reserved around strangers. This trait stems from their history as guard dogs, making them naturally wary of those they don’t know.
Here’s what you should know about the Chow Chow dog temperament:
- Aloof with Strangers: Don’t expect a Chow Chow to greet every newcomer with a wagging tail. They need time to warm up to new people and prefer to observe from a distance.
- Potential Aggression with Other Dogs: Chow Chows can be aggressive towards other dogs, especially those of the same sex. Early socialization is crucial to help them learn to interact appropriately with other canines.
- Protective and Dominant: Chow Chows have a strong instinct to protect their family and territory, and they can be prone to dominance. This makes training essential to establish clear boundaries and ensure they understand their place within the family hierarchy.
Early and Ongoing Socialization Is Essential:
To help a Chow Chow dog become a well-adjusted member of the family, early and consistent socialization is critical. This involves exposing them to a variety of people, dogs, and situations from puppyhood onward. Positive training experiences help build their confidence and reduce the likelihood of fear-based aggression.
Living with a Chow Chow
While their loyalty and independence are endearing, living with a Chow Chow dog requires understanding their specific needs and potential challenges.
- Exercise: Chow Chows are not a high-energy breed. They are content with a couple of moderate walks each day, totaling about 40 to 60 minutes of exercise. However, mental stimulation is just as important as physical activity to keep them engaged and prevent boredom.
- Susceptibility to Overheating: Their thick double coat makes them prone to overheating, especially in warm weather. It’s important to avoid strenuous exercise during hot days and provide them with ample shade and water.
- Grooming: The Chow Chow’s luxurious coat requires regular grooming to prevent mats and tangles.
- Rough-coated Chow Chows will need daily brushing to keep their coat in good condition.
- Smooth-coated Chow Chows can be brushed two to three times a week.
- Chow Chows shed moderately year-round, with heavier shedding during spring and fall.
- Potential for Separation Anxiety: Due to their strong bond with their owners, Chow Chows can be prone to separation anxiety when left alone for extended periods. If you’re often away from home, it’s important to consider whether a Chow Chow dog is the right fit for your lifestyle.
Training a Chow Chow Dog
Chow Chows are intelligent dogs, but their independent and stubborn nature can make training challenging. They require a patient and experienced owner who can establish clear leadership and provide consistent guidance.
Here are some essential training tips for Chow Chows:
- Start Early and Be Consistent: Begin training and socialization as early as possible, ideally during puppyhood. Consistent training throughout their life helps reinforce desired behaviors and prevent unwanted habits from developing.
- Positive Reinforcement: Chow Chows respond best to positive reinforcement training methods, which involve rewarding good behavior with praise, treats, or toys. Harsh punishment or forceful techniques will likely backfire and can damage your bond with your dog.
- Focus on Socialization: Expose your Chow Chow to various people, dogs, and environments from a young age to help them become well-adjusted and comfortable in different situations.
- Address Their Guarding Instincts: Work with a trainer to manage their protective nature and prevent it from escalating into aggression.
Health Considerations: Common Issues in Chow Chows
Like all breeds, Chow Chows are predisposed to certain health issues. It’s important to be aware of these conditions and work closely with your veterinarian to provide proper care and early intervention when necessary.
Common health problems in Chow Chows include:
- Skeletal Conditions:
- Hip Dysplasia: A common condition in large breeds, hip dysplasia occurs when the hip joint doesn’t develop properly. It can lead to pain, lameness, and arthritis.
- Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia affects the elbow joint and can cause arthritis over time.
- Patellar Luxation: This condition involves the kneecap slipping out of its normal position, resulting in a hopping gait or intermittent lameness.
- Endocrine Disorders:
- Hypothyroidism: This occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms like lethargy, weight gain, and a dry, brittle coat.
- Diabetes: Chow Chows, especially older or obese individuals, are at increased risk for diabetes. Symptoms include weight loss despite increased appetite, increased thirst and urination, and lethargy.
- Eye Problems:
- Cataracts: Clouding of the eye lens that can impair vision.
- Entropion: The eyelid rolls inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea.
- Distichiasis: Extra eyelashes grow from abnormal locations, irritating the eye.
- Glaucoma: Increased pressure within the eye that can be painful and lead to blindness.
- Gastrointestinal Conditions:
- Stomach Cancer (Gastric Carcinoma): Chow Chows are at an increased risk for stomach cancer.
- Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV): This life-threatening condition occurs when the stomach fills with gas and twists, cutting off blood supply to vital organs. It requires immediate veterinary attention.
- Other Conditions: Chow Chows can also suffer from alopecia X, a skin condition that causes hair loss, and pemphigus foliaceous, an autoimmune skin disease.
Working with Your Veterinarian: Regular veterinary checkups, vaccinations, and preventative care are essential to maintaining a Chow Chow’s health. Discuss any concerns you have with your veterinarian, including potential health risks and the benefits of preventative measures like spaying or neutering and dental care.
Feeding a Chow Chow for Optimal Health
Providing a balanced and appropriate diet is crucial for a Chow Chow’s overall well-being. Here are some key considerations for their nutritional needs:
- Balanced Diet: Chow Chows thrive on a high-quality, balanced diet that is appropriate for their age and activity level. Look for dog foods that meet the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) guidelines.
- Protein and Calcium: Historically, Chow Chows were bred on a largely vegetarian diet. While meat should still be included in their diet, they generally require lower protein and higher calcium levels than some other breeds. Lean meats like chicken and turkey are good options.
- Omega Fatty Acids: Omega fatty acids, found in fish oil, can help maintain healthy skin and a shiny coat.
- Multiple Smaller Meals: To reduce the risk of GDV, it’s recommended to feed adult Chow Chows at least two meals a day, rather than one large meal. Puppies may need three or four meals per day.
- Slow Feeders and Elevated Bowls: Using slow feeder bowls can help slow down fast eaters and reduce the risk of bloat. Elevated food bowls, on the other hand, are thought to potentially increase the risk of bloat and GDV and are generally not recommended.
Consult with Your Veterinarian: It’s always best to consult with your veterinarian about your Chow Chow’s specific dietary needs, especially if they have any health concerns.
Is a Chow Chow Dog Right for You?
Chow Chows are captivating dogs with a rich history and unique traits. However, their independent nature, potential for aggression, and grooming needs make them a breed that requires careful consideration.
Ask yourself these questions:
- Are you an experienced dog owner? Chow Chows can be challenging to train and need a confident owner who can provide consistent leadership.
- Is your lifestyle active or relaxed? Chow Chows are moderately active and don’t require excessive exercise, making them suitable for various lifestyles.
- Do you have children or other pets? Early socialization is crucial for Chow Chows to live harmoniously with children and other animals. They may not be the best fit for homes with young or boisterous children.
- Are you committed to training and grooming? Chow Chows need ongoing training and their thick coats require regular brushing to prevent mats.
If you’re prepared to meet their needs, a Chow Chow dog can be a loyal and rewarding companion. However, it’s essential to do your research and be honest about your capabilities as a pet owner.
Conclusion
The Chow Chow dog is a truly unique and remarkable breed. Their ancient lineage, distinctive appearance, and loyal nature make them a breed apart. While they can be independent and aloof, their devotion to their families is unwavering. With proper training, socialization, and care, a Chow Chow can bring years of joy and companionship to the right home.
